Annotated Biblography Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Biblography - Annotated Bibliography Example Haseena Lockhat try to disassociate the practice with the Islamic religion, it is believed by many at the village level to be a religious requirement with even scholars divided on hadith interpretation concerning it (Von der Osten-Sacken, and Uwer) When F.G.M has been attributed to North Africa or sub – Saharan Africa, it is a common practice in the Levant, the Arabian Peninsula and the Fertile Crescent which are Islamic with information lacking only due to the curtailing of freedom for feminists and free civil society in these state (Von der Osten-Sacken, and Uwer). Differences the west and the Middle Eastern societies on sexual matters is also a problem since it is easy to lean about them concerning the west but they are very secret in the latter culture with Islamic laws being restrictive on these matters which is also complicated by the lack of sex education in the institutions of learning of the latter culture. Differences in interpretation of Hadith make the proponents to argue that Prophet Mohammed did not ban it and thus it is admissible in Islam, making it a big problem. This article will be used on the proposed research to address the problem of FGM in Muslims as it is a serious problem in Islam which requires serious attention, so that the walls of secrecy can be broken in Islamic areas where it practiced, and victims educated on their human rights and dangers involved. The process of FGM involves the removal of all or part of the female genitalia to fulfill cultural or any other non therapeutic reasons. Study by Baasher (1982) indicates that F.G.M was practiced in ancient Egypt and related it to the belief in the bisexual nature of gods. The report by Ballal (2000) and Sanderson details the existence of the practice in Europe and the U.S.A in the second half of the nineteenth century (Afolayan & Oguntoye, 76). The report also details that in Africa the practice exists in nations like Egypt, Northern Sudan, Ethiopia, Djibouti, Somalia, Kenya and

Toyota Operations Exposure Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Toyota Operations Exposure - Assignment Example This paper is aimed at the provision of an in-depth analysis of the impact of the exchange rate movements in the manufacturing and sales of Toyota in Europe. The paper begins by providing the reasoning behind a long time it took for Toyota to shift manufacturing of Europe sales operations to Europe, followed by an analysis of the impact of British Pound joining the European Monetary on Toyota, short-term and long-term problems that faced Toyota, and solutions to the determined problems provided. The reasons for the Toyota taking so long in moving manufacturing operations to Europe sales to Europe include the capital intensiveness and complexity of manufacturing production. The need for Toyota enjoying economies of scale and scope in the production of vehicles destined for global locations and avoiding the capital requirements for the development of manufacturing locations in Europe. The possibility of increasing production in Japan at a low cost per unit would have been the other reason behind the long period taken by Toyota to set up manufacturing plants and capacities in Europe until 2004. The lack of manufacturing plants in Europe resulted in losses to Toyota in Europe sales owing to an operational exposure that arose from the euro losing value compared to the Japanese Yen (Khan & Jain, 2007, 35). The reasons for Toyota continuing to incur losses through not setting up manufacturing plants in Europe include the need to maintain competitiveness in the Europe market (Kandi l, 2000, 4). Another reason that could have made Toyota take time in making the decision to set up manufacturing plants in Europe for Europe sales is the large size of the company with massive production capabilities in Japan. The large amounts of  production in Japan allowed for efficiency, greater employee understanding, high technology and smooth operations, factors that must be developed in new manufacturing plants affecting the ability of the company to deliver quality and at a lower cost.